‘Shakespeare and Marlowe: The Queer Histories’
Joe Winters
Between 2020 and 2021 the John Hodgson Theatre Research Trust supported the development of The Queer Histories, a new amalgamated history cycle created out of the joint texts of Richard II (by William Shakespeare) and Edward II (by Christopher Marlowe). The aim was to produce a new text, fit for a twenty-first-century audience, bringing out the most exciting elements of these stories, and melding them into one epic new theatrical experience.
The initial impulse for the project came from recognizing an exciting moment in early modern dramatic history. In the late 1590s, both Shakespeare and Marlowe were exploring ideas of national identity, contemporary politics, personal loss, and much more through a series of historically located stories about crises in royal leadership.
At one exciting moment, both writers chose to focus these stories through the lead roles of what (for want of a less anachronistic word) we might call ‘queer’ kings. Edward II and Richard II reigned in the 14th and 15th centuries respectively, with only one monarch between them (Edward III). Movements in contemporary queer historiography are now revealing the extent to which these men led publicly non-heterosexual lives and the ways in which this impacted their reigns. It seemed striking, therefore, that both Shakespeare and Marlowe (who were known in their lifetimes for having sexual and romantic relationships with other men, as well as women) chose to focus on these queer former kings as a way of exploring the political temperature and personal realities of their own times.
An audience living in 1590s London would have been able (due to the rep system within which Marlowe and Shakespeare worked) to go from watching Richard II one day to Edward II the next. These texts were undoubtedly in conversation with each other; even if they were not formally constructed to be played alongside each other, their first audiences would have been likely to experience them in an unofficial repertory relationship. My desire was to strip away all the compacted earth of four-hundred years of performance history, and reveal the original way that these two texts spoke to each other: as mutually illuminating explorations of how the lives of former queer people ‘held the mirror up’ to a contemporary audience.
The support of JHTRT made possible an initial period of research and scriptwriting, resulting in a series of zoom workshops (this project was pursued during the coronavirus lockdowns of 2020/21. These workshops, which involved Omari Douglas (Cabaret, Constellations, It’s a Sin) and Alex Lawther (Hamlet, The End of the F*ing World, The Jungle) in the leading roles, revealed the possibility of writing new text in a contemporary twenty-first-century voice among the sixteenth-century text. The resulting script began with new material and gradually grew into the poetry of Marlowe and Shakespeare’s originals. This text, delivered to the trustees in 2021, will form the basis of a production led by HiranAbeysekera (Life if Pi, Winner Olivier Award for Best Actor 2022) in 2023.